"leżeć" meaning in Old Polish

See leżeć in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /lʲɛʒʲɛt͡ɕ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /lʲɛʒʲɛt͡ɕ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ležati. First attested in the beginning of the 14th century. Etymology templates: {{dercat|zlw-opl|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}}, {{root|zlw-opl|ine-pro|*legʰ-}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*ležati|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *ležati, {{inh+|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*ležati}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ležati, {{etydate/the|beginning of the 14th century}} the beginning of the 14th century, {{etydate|beginning of the 14th century}} First attested in the beginning of the 14th century Head templates: {{zlw-opl-verb|impf}} leżeć impf
  1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) to lie (to rest in a horizontal position) Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-Wg5-~Gt- Categories (other): Greater Poland Old Polish, Lesser Poland Old Polish
  2. to lie (to have sexual relations with) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’] Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-m856oQD8 Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 2 12 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 13 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 2 4 12 6 6 5
  3. to lie (to be buried) Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-G9tfAiyv
  4. (attested in Greater Poland) to lie (to undergo some disease somewhere) Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-LtxHbgLN Categories (other): Greater Poland Old Polish
  5. (attested in Lesser Poland) to rest; to remain (to be motionless) Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-7mLQPDt5 Categories (other): Lesser Poland Old Polish
  6. to reside Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-6i2ic0Nq
  7. to besiege, to surround Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-dqypPit2
  8. (attested in Greater Poland) to lie (to be located somewhere) Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-YrH2qGkM Categories (other): Greater Poland Old Polish
  9. to lie, to stretch, to cover Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-zzYNLJOV
  10. to be subordinate Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-LwpV9Di3
  11. (attested in Greater Poland) to depend on (to be contingent or conditioned) Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-6iVjONvD Categories (other): Greater Poland Old Polish
  12. to depend on; to be based on Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-FPwo2xOg Categories (other): Old Polish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries Disambiguation of Old Polish entries with incorrect language header: 5 26 2 2 2 2 3 11 2 5 2 38 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 2 12 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 13 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 2 4 12 6 6 5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: leżący, leżenie, leżeć w ranach [imperfective], leżeć załogę [imperfective], obleżeć [perfective], odleżeć [perfective], przyleżeć [imperfective], wspoleżeć [perfective], zależeć [imperfective] Related terms: lec [perfective], legać [imperfective], ląc [perfective]
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "leżący"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "leżenie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "leżeć w ranach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "leżeć załogę"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "obleżeć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "odleżeć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "przyleżeć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wspoleżeć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zależeć"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "lezécz"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: lezécz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: lezécz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "leżeć"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: leżeć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: leżeć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "leżeć"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: leżeć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: leżeć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*legʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*ležati",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ležati",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*ležati"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ležati",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "beginning of the 14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the beginning of the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "beginning of the 14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the beginning of the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ležati. First attested in the beginning of the 14th century.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "leżeć impf",
      "name": "zlw-opl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "lec"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "legać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "ląc"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to rest in a horizontal position)"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-Wg5-~Gt-",
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) to lie (to rest in a horizontal position)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 13 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 2 4 12 6 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to have sexual relations with)"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-m856oQD8",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": ":z(ins)<with whom>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "z",
              "(+",
              "instrumental)",
              "‘with",
              "whom’"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "to lie (to have sexual relations with) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to be buried)"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-G9tfAiyv",
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to undergo some disease somewhere)"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-LtxHbgLN",
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland) to lie (to undergo some disease somewhere)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to rest; to remain (to be motionless)"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-7mLQPDt5",
      "links": [
        [
          "rest",
          "rest"
        ],
        [
          "remain",
          "remain"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Lesser Poland) to rest; to remain (to be motionless)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to reside"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-6i2ic0Nq",
      "links": [
        [
          "reside",
          "reside"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to besiege, to surround"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-dqypPit2",
      "links": [
        [
          "besiege",
          "besiege"
        ],
        [
          "surround",
          "surround"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to be located somewhere)"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-YrH2qGkM",
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland) to lie (to be located somewhere)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to lie, to stretch, to cover"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-zzYNLJOV",
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ],
        [
          "stretch",
          "stretch"
        ],
        [
          "cover",
          "cover"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be subordinate"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-LwpV9Di3",
      "links": [
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to depend on (to be contingent or conditioned)"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-6iVjONvD",
      "links": [
        [
          "depend",
          "depend"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland) to depend on (to be contingent or conditioned)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 26 2 2 2 2 3 11 2 5 2 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 13 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 2 4 12 6 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to depend on; to be based on"
      ],
      "id": "en-leżeć-zlw-opl-verb-FPwo2xOg",
      "links": [
        [
          "depend",
          "depend"
        ],
        [
          "base",
          "base"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʲɛʒʲɛt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lʲɛʒʲɛt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "leżeć"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Old Polish lemmas",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-",
    "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Polish verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "leżący"
    },
    {
      "word": "leżenie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "leżeć w ranach"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "leżeć załogę"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "obleżeć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "odleżeć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "przyleżeć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wspoleżeć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zależeć"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "lezécz"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: lezécz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: lezécz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "leżeć"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: leżeć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: leżeć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "leżeć"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: leżeć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: leżeć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*legʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*ležati",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ležati",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*ležati"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ležati",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "beginning of the 14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the beginning of the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "beginning of the 14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the beginning of the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ležati. First attested in the beginning of the 14th century.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "leżeć impf",
      "name": "zlw-opl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "lec"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "legać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "ląc"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish",
        "Lesser Poland Old Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to rest in a horizontal position)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) to lie (to rest in a horizontal position)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to have sexual relations with)"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": ":z(ins)<with whom>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "z",
              "(+",
              "instrumental)",
              "‘with",
              "whom’"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "to lie (to have sexual relations with) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to be buried)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to undergo some disease somewhere)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland) to lie (to undergo some disease somewhere)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Lesser Poland Old Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to rest; to remain (to be motionless)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rest",
          "rest"
        ],
        [
          "remain",
          "remain"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Lesser Poland) to rest; to remain (to be motionless)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to reside"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reside",
          "reside"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to besiege, to surround"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "besiege",
          "besiege"
        ],
        [
          "surround",
          "surround"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lie (to be located somewhere)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland) to lie (to be located somewhere)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to lie, to stretch, to cover"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lie",
          "lie"
        ],
        [
          "stretch",
          "stretch"
        ],
        [
          "cover",
          "cover"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be subordinate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to depend on (to be contingent or conditioned)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "depend",
          "depend"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Greater Poland) to depend on (to be contingent or conditioned)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to depend on; to be based on"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "depend",
          "depend"
        ],
        [
          "base",
          "base"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʲɛʒʲɛt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lʲɛʒʲɛt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "leżeć"
}

Download raw JSONL data for leżeć meaning in Old Polish (5.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.